Question #1:

What is a near miss?

Answer:

A near miss is an event in which two aircraft come dangerously close to colliding but no impact occurs. It indicates a breakdown in separation, situational awareness, or communication. Investigators analyze such events to identify latent safety risks before they lead to an accident. Near misses are often reported voluntarily to support a just culture and improve procedures. Lessons learned from them result in enhanced training, airspace modifications, or technological improvements.