Question #83:

What may RW incursion be caused by?

Answer:

A runway incursion typically results from miscommunication, loss of situational awareness, or failure to follow ATC instructions. Also, airport layout may be complicated for maneuvering due to narrow taxiways or runways, slopes, and hot spots. Pilots must study charts thoroughly and request progressive taxi instructions or a follow‑me car when necessary. Also, discussing the airport layout helps pilots build a shared mental model of taxi routes, runways, and hot spots. This proactive approach reduces the risk of runway incursions. A well‑briefed crew is more likely to detect and correct errors before they become serious.